Re-arranging content...and, cleaning up.... |
A broad set of transformations are taking place:
To efficiently and effectively deploy 5G network supporting ultra low latency and high bandwidth mobile network, we need to deploy variety of applications and workload at the edge and close to the mobile end user devices (UE or IoT). That would include various virtualized RAN and core network elements, content (video), various applications (AR / VR, industrial automation, connected cars, etc.). We might deploy near-real time network optimization, customer experience / UE performance enhancement applications at edge. Edge cloud must support deployment of third party application (e.g. Value added optional services, Marketing, Advertising, etc.). We must deploy mechanisms to collect real time radio network information, process them in real-time (e.g. Geo Location data), summarize, anonymize, etc. and make them available to third party applications deployed at the edge or central location or outside service provider environment. Edge data collection could also be used for training machine learning models and fully trained models can be deployed at the edge to support network optimization.
End users and other devices, cyber-physical systems will benefit from a broad set of context information that can enhance and enrich the delivery of a broad set of applications.
Deliver Application SLAs while minimizing TCO.
No | Application Classification (based on required RTT) | Application Examples | Network / Service Behavior Type | Deployment Component/ APIs | ONAP Managed | Edge Deployment Hard /Soft Constraint (Based on RTT) | Potential Application Provider | Casablanca Candidate | Additional Information |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Real-time (20ms -100ms) | In service path optimization applications which run in open CU-CP platform (also known as RAN Intelligent Controller, or SD-RAN controller). | Real-Time Network State Control | Open 5G CU-CP (CU - Control Plane) – VNFC. | Yes | Hard | NF Vendor/Service Provider/3rd Party | Yes | These applications include load balancing, link set-up, policies for L1-3 functions, admission control and leverage standard interface defined by oRAN / xRAN between network information base (or context database) and third party applications. Data collection through is B1 and implemented using x technology. |
2 | Near-real-time (500ms and above) | Slice monitoring, performance analysis, fault analysis, root cause analysis, SON applications, Optimization (SON Drive Test Minimization etc.), ML methodologies for various apps. | Network Analytics & Optimization | DCAE | Yes | Soft | NF Vendor/Service Provider | Yes | |
3 | Near-real-time (500ms and above) | Video Analytics, Video Optimization, Customer geoLocation information, Anonymized customer data etc. | Workload Analytics, Optimization & Context processing | Cloud Edge or Cloud Central | No | Soft | 3rd Party | NA. Out of scope for ONAP | The apps are OTT and the service provider is offering their infrastrcture as a service to OTT providers. |
4 | Real-time (10-20 ms) | Third party applications that directly interacts with the UEs, like AR/VR, factory automation, drone control, etc. | Workload Automation / AR-VR / Content, etc. | UE or Cloud Edge | No | Hard | 3rd Party | NA. Out of scope for ONAP. | These are third party applications, developed by enterprise customers (e.g. factory automation) or content creators (AR/VR applications). In this case, messages or requests or measurements directly go from UE (via UPF or GWs) to the applications and applications respond back. |
5 | same as 3) | same as 3) | Value Added Services + same as 3) | same as 3) + MEC/Cloud APIs (Note 1) | Yes | same as 3) | same as 3) | Stretch | Service Provider could be oferring video surveillance (video analytics/optimization apps etc.) as a service to enterprises. |
6 | same as 4) | same as 4) | Value Added Services + same as 4) | same as 4) + MEC/Cloud APIs (Note 1) | Yes | same as 4) | same as 4) | Stretch | Service Provider could be oferring factory automation as a service to enterprises. |
Note 1: API Details
( example based on Akraino Edge Stack..but, need to generalize)
Profiles | Workloads | Compute | Networking | Storage | Control | Security | Edge Application Infrastructure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Large | Support for VMs and containers. Commentary:
| >50 Compute Servers Accelerators: SRIOV based QAT for Crypto and Compression acceleration. ML/DL Accelerators Compute profiles: Fixed number of profiles are expected to be supported. (Will add profiles) | SRIOV Networking for High performnace Data plane VNFs. vSwitch (OVS-DPDK) based networking for all other workloads Multiple leaf switches and two spine switches WAN - Underlay :
Underlay realization options
Overlay realization options
IPv4 and IPv6 support NAT44 with LSN (Large Scale NAT) support by providers. Support for dedicated public IP addresses Commentary: Network sharing among container and VM workloads will need to be supported. DVR (Distributed Virtual Routing) for forwarding packets locally among vSwitch based networks. Leaf/Spine switches for forwarding traffic among SRIOV based networks and for networks between vswtich and SRIOV based networks. Few fixed profiles for following:
| Block device support using Ceph Dedicated nodes for storage ( 3 nodes ) Storage profiles representing whether the nodes are dedicated for storage, use compute nodes for storage, Number of nodes for storage etc... Is support for Object storage required in Edges? | Dedicated nodes for control stack Automation Offload Platform (Offloading ONAP) at the Edge. Few control profiles
Automation Offload Platform profiles consists of following:
| Transport : TLS 1.2 and above between ONAP and Edge Services Infra Security: TPM 2.0/SGX for private key security and secret/password protection, Remote attestation to detect any software tampering of compute, storage and control nodes. | MEC Platform as a VNF to provide contextual information to Edge applications. |
Medium | Same as above | Same as above. Number of compute nodes are >10 and < 50 | Same as above | Same as above, except that there is no dedication of nodes to Ceph cluster | Same as above with respect to control, but Automation Offload Platform is not part of the Edge. No dedicated control nodes. Control functionality is shared with compute nodes. Support for K8S profile as it can support both VMs and containers | Same as above | Same as above |
Small | Same as above, but may support very less number of tenants | Same as above. Number of compute nodes are < 10 | Same as above, but no PE and CE at the Edge. Fabric itself acts as CE. | Same as above, no dedication of nodes to Ceph cluster | No control at the Edge No Automation offload platform at the Edge Regional sites are expected to provide control and AOP services. Support for K8S based control. | Same as above | Same as above |
Private and Public Cloud Providers
WAN network bandwidth & latency issues for the following key functions
Exemplary Network Function Placement/Service Assurance Policy for demonstrating the aforementioned challenges
Function | Statefulness | ONAP Project Mapping | Details |
---|---|---|---|
Inventory | yes | A&AI | |
IP Address Management (IPAM) | yes | SDN-C | |
Multi-Cloud Support | no | Multi-VIM | |
Initial Placement | no | OOF | |
Closed Loop Controller | no | APP-C | |
Closed Loop Policy | no | Policy | |
Infra Closed Loop Analytics | no | Multi-VIM, DCAE | |
App Closed Loop Analytics | no | DCAE | |
Logging | no | ||
Infra/App Monitoring events, statistics | no |
ONAP Activity Goal #1: ONAP requires IaaS/PaaS attributes (see ongoing work – Edge Cloud Infrastructure Enablement in ONAP, 5G Items for Casablanca) from Cloud providers for Infrastructure profiles that allow Distributed, Highly-secure, Config/Cloud-diverse, Capacity-constrained and Peformance/Isolation-aware
ONAP Activity Goal #2: Define hierarchical ONAP Central, Edge Architecture/functional interactions (API reference points) to support aforementioned Application/Infrastrcuture profile in Any "Cloud" (internal Business Unit or external Partner) at Any "Location" edge, regional or central.